This dissertation is an excellent introduction to the non-latin script in the Punjab region straddling the border of India and Pakistan. Emma Williams guides the reader through the historical origins and original intention of the Gurmukhi script, the elements of the writing system, and the development of Gurmukhi typeface designs through many centuries. Part 1 looks at the origins of the script and its system, as well as its handwritten forms and the tools used to create it.