Research Directory
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= Link added in the past 10 days.
Type Basics
- Fundamentals
- Anatomy of Type
- Typeface Classification
- Classification by CounterSpace (requires Shockwave Player)
- Classifying Type by Foam Train (owlsoup.com)
- Family Classifications of Type: Spokane Falls Community College, Graphic Design Dept.
- Five Classic Typefaces: Cooper Union
- Jonathan Hoefler's Type Styles 101 (typophile.com)
- Type Classification by Ellen Lupton (Thinking With Type)
- Glossaries for Type & Typography
- Tips on Designing Type
- Balancing Typeface Legibility and Economy by Victor Gaultney
- Basic Character Spacing in Type Design by Mark Jamra
- Character Design Standards at Microsoft Typography
- Diacritics - Designing correct accents (typo.cz & designiq.cz)
- Form & Proportion in a Text Typeface: A Few Guidelines by Mark Jamra
- Harmonics, Patterns, and Dynamics in Formal Typographic Representations of the Latin Script (Frank E. Blokland)
- Jonathan Hoefler's Introduction to Typeface Design 110 (typophile.com)
- Notes on Type Design by Briem
- On Diacritics (David Brezina - ilovetypography.com)
- Polish Diacritics (Adam Twardoch)
- Problems of Diacritic Design for Latin Script Text Faces by Victor Gaultney
- Problems Relating to the Translation of a Drawn Letterform to a Digital Typeface by Eduardo Berliner
- Rhythm in Type Design by Alejandro Lo Celso
- Some Elements of Proportion and Optical Image Support in a Typeface by Mark Jamra
- The TypeRight Guide to Ethical Type Design
- Tutorials for designing type and reading lists from Hannes Famira
- Type Workshop Basics by Underware
Type History
- History of Type
- A Brief History of Type: Spokane Falls Community College, Graphic Design Dept.
- A History of the Old English Letter Foundries by Talbot Baines Reed
- Counterspace Typography Timeline (counterspace.us)
- Font Fundamentals: essay by Thomas Detrie, Arizona State University
- History of Canadian Type Design by Nicholas Fabian
- History of Linear, Sans Serif Type by Adrian Frutiger
- History of Typography 1: Humanist (ilovetypography.com)
- History of Typography 2: Old Style (ilovetypography.com)
- History of Typography 3: Transitional (ilovetypography.com)
- History of Typography 4: Modern/Didone (ilovetypography.com)
- History of Typography 5: Slab Serif (ilovetypography.com)
- Letter Lecture - A Brief History of Printed Letters (Ellen Lupton)
- National Identities in Typefaces 1900-1960 (Univ. of St. Thomas)
- The Sans Serif Typefaces (Linotype Library)
- The World of Fonts by Dmitry Kirsanov
- Typographic Milestones (Nancy Stock-Allen)
- Typographical Printing-Surfaces by Legros & Grant (Google Books)
- Origins
- A Natural History of the @ Sign
- Ampersand by Max Caflish (Adobe Systems Inc.)
- Ancient Scripts of the World
- Handwriting to Printed Type (Nancy Stock-Allen)
- Histories of Individual Letters
- Origin of the Dollar Sign
- Origin of the Pound Sign
- Origin of the Word "Dollar" and the Dollar Sign
- Pictograms, Ideograms and Phonograms
- The Eszett (Origin and History)
- The Evolution of Alphabets (Shippensburg University)
- The Origin of the Alphabet (Shippensburg University)
- The Origins of abc (ILoveTypography.com)
- Incunabula, Renaissance
- Gutenberg Bible
- Historical Persons
- Baskerville, John
- Benton, Linn Boyd & Morris Fuller
- Behrens, Peter
- Bodoni, Giambattista
- Cary Collection, Rochester Institute of Technology
- City of Parma (Italy)
- Giambattista Bodoni: Biografia (Alessandro Segalini)
- Linotype Library: Bodoni
- Loyalist College (Ontario, Canada)
- Modern Types: Spokane Falls Community College, Graphic Design Dept.
- Octavo (Oakland, CA, USA)
- The Father of Modern Type by Nicholas Fabian
- Caslon, William
- Cooper, Oswald Bruce
- Coster, Jan Laurens
- De Vinne, Theodore Low
- Didot, Firmin
- Dwiggins, William Addison
- Excoffon, Roger
- Garamond, Claude
- Gill, Eric
- Eric Gill 1882-1940
- Eric Gill and the Golden Cockerel Press by James Mosley
- Eric Gill Collection at the University of Florida
- Eric Gill: The Master Sculptor of Letters by Nicholas Fabian
- Fonts used at the Golden Cockerel Press
- Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas (USA)
- Kindersley Workshop, UK
- Reminiscences of Uncle Eric (typocurious.com)
- Research on Eric Gill (Prof. John Sherman, Notre Dame Univ.)
- The Story of Perpetua (T. Wardle)
- Type Designs of Eric Gill (typocurious.com)
- Goudy, Frederic W.
- Autobiographical Notes of a Type Designer (typocurious.com)
- Frederic W. Goudy Collection (Library of Congress)
- Goudy's Aries (P22 Terminal)
- My Life with Goudy (Columbia Univ. Libraries)
- Scripps College Old Style
- Type by Goudy (Popular Science, April 1942)
- Type Designer and Master Craftsman by Nicholas Fabian
- Typologia by Frederic Goudy (University of California Press)
- Gutenberg, Johannes
- Hammer, Victor
- Jannon, Jean
- Jenson, Nicholaus
- Kis, Nicholas
- Koch, Rudolf
- Krimpen, Jan van
- Manutius, Aldus
- Menhart, Oldrich
- Middleton, Robert Hunter
- Miedinger, Max
- Morison, Stanley
- Morris, William
- Plantin, Christopher
- Preissig, Vojtech
- Ratdolt, Erhard
- Renner, Paul
- Rogers, Bruce
- Tory, Geofroy
- Trump, Georg
- Tschichold, Jan
- Walbaum, J. G. Justus Erich
- Walker, Emery
- Warde, Beatrice
- Weiss, Emil Rudolf
- Historical Styles
Manufacturing
- Digital Type
- A History of TrueType by Laurence Penney
- About OpenType (Adobe Systems Inc.)
- Font Formats (Adobe Systems Inc.)
- Screen Fonts, Bitmap Fonts and Anti-Aliasing (Ellen Lupton)
- Screen fonts, type online
- The Impact of OpenType by Phil Baines (Eye Magazine)
- TrueType & PostScript Type 1: What's the Difference? (Thomas Phinney)
- What is the History of TrueType? by David K. Every
- Foundry Type (Handsetting)
- How Big is a Font? (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- Identifying Type Castings (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- Making Type by Hand (Aimee Dozois)
- Matrix Making at the Oxford University Press (Roy Rice)
- The Great Type Blight Mystery (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- The Joy of Handsetting Type (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- Hot Metal Composition
- Linotype Casting Machine
- Ludlow Typograph
- Monotype Keyboard & Casting Machine
- International Monotype Memory Project (letterpress.ch, Geneva)
- Lanston American Monotype Typesetting Machine
- Short film clips of the Monotype keyboard & caster
- Short film of the Monotype keyboard & caster (Tipoteca Italiana)
- The Monotype Story (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- Typecasting with Monotype (The Alembic Press)
- Woodside Press
- Photos of Hot Metal Casters
- Thompson Type Caster
- Rogers Typograph
- Photo Composition
- Type Foundries (Historical)
- American Type Founders Company
- American Type Founders Company Specimen Books (click on the atf files)
- American Type Founders Instruction Cards (Hannes Famira, TypEdu)
- Bruce Type Foundry
- Guide to Historical Type Foundries in London (St Bride - Downloads a PDF)
- H.C. Hansen Type Foundry
- J.E. Hamilton Holly Wood Type Company
- Linotype
- Mackenzie & Harris
- Monotype Chronicles, The (Lawrence W. Wallis)
- Monotype Corporation Photo Gallery
- Wood Type
Museums & Collections
- American Antiquarian Society (Worcester, MA, USA)
- Basel Papermill: Swiss Museum for Paper, Writing and Printing
- Briar Press Online Museum of Printing
- Cary Collection, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
- Hamilton Wood Type and Printing Museum (Wisconsin, USA)
- International Printing Museum, The (Carson, CA, USA)
- Klingspor Museum, Offenbach, Germany
- Library Company of Philadelphia, The
- Massey College Library (University of Toronto)
- Melbourne Museum of Printing
- Museum of Printing History, The (Houston, TX, USA)
- Museum of Printing, The (North Andover, MA, USA)
- Museum Plantin-Moretus, Antwerp, Belgium
- Smithsonian Institution
- St Bride Printing Library, London, UK
- The Alexander S. Lawson Archive (Terrence Chouinard)
- The Rob Roy Kelly American Wood Type Collection (Univ. of Texas at Austin)
- The Type Museum (London, UK)
- The Virtual Typewriter Museum
- Tipoteca Italiana fondazione (Typeface & Printing Museum, Cornuda, Italy)
- University of Delaware Library/Special Collections
- W. A. Dwiggins Collection (University of Maryland)
Associations
- American Printing History Association
- Association Typographique Internationale
- Fine Press Book Association (US & UK)
- Grolier Club, The
- International Society of Typographic Designers
- Letter Exchange (UK)
- Society of Typographic Aficionados, The
- Tokyo Type Directors Club
- Type Club of Toronto
- Type Directors Club
- TypeRight.org
- Typophiles, The
Other Resources
- Directories for Type & Typography
- Other Directories
- Periodicals
- Research in Type and Typography
- Teaching Resources
- Designing with Type by James Craig
- DesignWritingResearch - Ellen Lupton, Maryland Institute College of Art
- The Elements of Typographic Style Applied to the Web
- The Written Word (The Type Studio/Ilene Strizver)
- Thinking With Type: Tools for Teachers
- TypEdu - Type Design Education by Hannes Famira
- Typographic Design: Form and Communication (Carter, Day and Meggs)
- Type & Typography Fora / Blogs
- Type Books
- Useful Information & Documents