Research Directory
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Type Basics
- Fundamentals
- An Introduction to Type: tutorial from Spokane Falls Community College
- Learn about Type - Pleasures of Design (Linotype Library)
- The Evolution of Type. (mediumbold.com)
- Type Basics from Underware (NL)
- Type Sizes - Historical and Contemporary
- Type Tips: The Basics of Type and Typography (Adobe Systems Inc.)
- Anatomy of Type
- Typeface Classification
- Classification by CounterSpace (requires Shockwave Player)
- Classifying Type by Foam Train (owlsoup.com)
- Family Classifications of Type: Spokane Falls Community College, Graphic Design Dept.
- Five Classic Typefaces: Cooper Union
- Jonathan Hoefler's Type Styles 101 (typophile.com)
- Twenty Text Typefaces: Textism.com (Dean Allen)
- Type Classification (RedSun.com)
- Type Classification by Ellen Lupton (Thinking With Type)
- Glossaries for Type & Typography
- Tips on Designing Type
- Balancing Typeface Legibility and Economy by Victor Gaultney
- Basic Character Spacing in Type Design by Mark Jamra
- Character Design Standards at Microsoft Typography
- Diacritics - Designing correct accents (typo.cz & designiq.cz)
- Form & Proportion in a Text Typeface: A Few Guidelines by Mark Jamra
- Jonathan Hoefler's Introduction to Typeface Design 110 (typophile.com)
- Lettering (trilingual text) by Walter Käch
- Notes on Type Design by Briem
- Polish Diacritics (Adam Twardoch)
- Problems of Diacritic Design for Latin Script Text Faces by Victor Gaultney
- Problems Relating to the Translation of a Drawn Letterform to a Digital Typeface by Eduardo Berliner
- Rhythm in Type Design by Alejandro Lo Celso
- Some Elements of Proportion and Optical Image Support in a Typeface by Mark Jamra
- The TypeRight Guide to Ethical Type Design
- Tutorials for designing type and reading lists from Hannes Famira
- Type Workshop Basics by Underware
Type History
- History of Type
- A Brief History of Type by Thomas W. Phinney
- A Brief History of Type: Spokane Falls Community College, Graphic Design Dept.
- Font Fundamentals: essay by Thomas Detrie, Arizona State University
- History of Canadian Type Design by Nicholas Fabian
- History of Linear, Sans Serif Type by Adrian Frutiger
- History Timeline by CounterSpace (requires Shockwave Player)
- Letter Lecture - A Brief History of Printed Letters (Ellen Lupton)
- The Sans Serif Typefaces (Linotype Library)
- The World of Fonts by Dmitry Kirsanov
- Typographic Measurement: a Chronology by Andrew Boag (downloads a PDF)
- Origins
- A Natural History of the @ Sign
- Ampersand by Max Caflish (Adobe Systems Inc.)
- Ancient Scripts of the World
- Evolution of Writing (Western): textism.com (Dean Allen)
- Histories of Individual Letters
- History of the Alphabet and the Ugarit Cuneiform Connection by Nicholas Fabian
- Origin of the Dollar Sign
- Origin of the Pound Sign
- Origin of the Word “Dollar” and the Dollar Sign
- Pictograms, Ideograms and Phonograms
- The Eszett (Origin and History)
- The Evolution of Alphabets (Shippensburg University)
- The Evolution of the Alphabet (Cedarland)
- The Origin of the Alphabet (Shippensburg University)
- Incunabula, Renaissance
- Gutenberg Bible
- Historical Persons
- Baskerville, John
- Benton, Linn Boyd & Morris Fuller
- Behrens, Peter
- Bodoni, Giambattista
- Cary Collection, Rochester Institute of Technology
- City of Parma (Italy)
- Giambattista Bodoni: Biografia (Alessandro Segalini)
- Linotype Library: Bodoni
- Loyalist College (Ontario, Canada)
- Modern Types: Spokane Falls Community College, Graphic Design Dept.
- Octavo (Oakland, CA, USA)
- The Father of Modern Type by Nicholas Fabian
- Caslon, William
- Cooper, Oswald Bruce
- Coster, Jan Laurens
- De Vinne, Theodore Low
- Didot, Firmin
- Dwiggins, William Addison
- Excoffon, Roger
- Garamond, Claude
- Gill, Eric
- Eric Gill 1882-1940
- Eric Gill and the Golden Cockerel Press by James Mosley
- Eric Gill Collection at the University of Florida
- Eric Gill: The Master Sculptor of Letters by Nicholas Fabian
- Fonts used at the Golden Cockerel Press
- Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas (USA)
- Kindersley Workshop, UK
- Research on Eric Gill (Prof. John Sherman, Notre Dame Univ.)
- The Story of Perpetua (T. Wardle)
- Goudy, Frederic W.
- Gutenberg, Johannes
- Hammer, Victor
- Jannon, Jean
- Jenson, Nicholaus
- Kis, Nicholas
- Koch, Rudolf
- Krimpen, Jan van
- Manutius, Aldus
- Menhart, Oldrich
- Middleton, Robert Hunter
- Miedinger, Max
- Morison, Stanley
- Morris, William
- Preissig, Vojtech
- Ratdolt, Erhard
- Renner, Paul
- Rogers, Bruce
- Tory, Geofroy
- Trump, Georg
- Tschichold, Jan
- Walbaum, J. G. Justus Erich
- Warde, Beatrice
- Weiss, Emil Rudolf
- Historical Styles
Manufacturing
- Digital Type
- A History of TrueType by Laurence Penney
- About OpenType (Adobe Systems Inc.)
- Font Formats (Adobe Systems Inc.)
- Screen Fonts, Bitmap Fonts and Anti-Aliasing (Ellen Lupton)
- Screen fonts, type online
- The Impact of OpenType by Phil Baines (Eye Magazine)
- The Representation of Type on Screen by Andrew Boag (downloads a PDF)
- TrueType & PostScript Type 1: What's the Difference? (Thomas Phinney)
- What is the History of TrueType? by David K. Every
- Foundry Type (Handsetting)
- How Big is a Font? (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- Identifying Type Castings (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- Making Type by Hand (Aimee Dozois)
- Matrix Making at the Oxford University Press (Roy Rice)
- The Great Type Blight Mystery (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- The Joy of Handsetting Type (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- Hot Metal Composition
- Linotype Casting Machine
- Ludlow Typograph
- Monotype Keyboard & Casting Machine
- International Monotype Memory Project (letterpress.ch, Geneva)
- Lanston American Monotype Typesetting Machine
- Short film clips of the Monotype keyboard & caster
- Short film of the Monotype keyboard & caster
- The Monotype Story (Fred Williams, Amalgamated Printers Assoc.)
- Typecasting with Monotype (The Alembic Press)
- Woodside Press
- Photos of Hot Metal Casters
- Thompson Type Caster
- Rogers Typograph
- Photo Composition
- Type Foundries (Historical)
- American Type Founders Company I (Link downloads a PDF)
- American Type Founders Company II
- American Type Founders Company Specimen Books I
- American Type Founders Company Specimen Books II (click on the atf files)
- Brief History of the American Type Founders by Carol Van Houten
- Bruce Type Foundry
- Deberny et Peignot
- Guide to Historical Type Foundries in London (St Bride - Downloads a PDF)
- H.C. Hansen Type Foundry
- Linotype
- Mackenzie & Harris
- Monotype Chronicles, The (Lawrence W. Wallis)
- Monotype Corporation Photo Gallery
- The Village Press and Letter Foundery [sic] (Frederic Goudy)
- Wood Type
Museums & Collections
- American Antiquarian Society (Worcester, MA, USA)
- Basel Papermill: Swiss Museum for Paper, Writing and Printing
- Briar Press Online Museum of Printing
- Cary Collection, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
- Hamilton Wood Type and Printing Museum (Wisconsin, USA)
- Klingspor Museum, Offenbach, Germany
- Library Company of Philadelphia, The
- Melbourne Museum of Printing
- Museum of Printing History, The (Houston, TX, USA)
- Museum of Printing, The (North Andover, MA, USA)
- Museum Plantin-Moretus, Antwerp, Belgium
- Robertson Davies Library, The (Massey College, University of Toronto)
- Smithsonian Institution (Information Technology & Communications: Graphic Arts)
- St Bride Printing Library, London, UK
- The Type Museum (London, UK)
- The Virtual Typewriter Museum
- Tipoteca Italiana fondazione (Typeface & Printing Museum, Cornuda, Italy)
- University of Delaware Library/Special Collections
- W. A. Dwiggins Collection (University of Maryland)
- Werkstätten und Museum für Druckkunst Leipzig (Workshops and Museum of the Printing Arts in Leipzig)
Associations
- American Printing History Association
- Association Typographique Internationale
- Grolier Club, The
- International Society of Typographic Designers
- Letter Exchange (UK)
- Society of Typographic Aficionados, The
- Tokyo Type Directors Club
- Type Club of Toronto
- Type Directors Club
- TypeRight.org
- Typophiles, The
Other Resources
- Directories for Type & Typography
- Fontscape - typeface directory
- Identifont - font identifier
- MyFonts.com
- Planet Typography (Jean-Christophe Loubet del Bayle)
- School of Computer Science, McGill University (Luc Devroye)
- Type Design Bibliography and Links (Alessandro Segalini)
- Type Index.org (Guillaume-Ulrich Chifflot)
- TypeBase.com
- Typography Bibiliography and Links (Alessandro Segalini)
- Other Directories
- Briar Press - Resources for Letterpress Printers and Enthusiasts
- Communication design bibliographies and links (Alessandro Segalini)
- Directory of Printing Museums
- Ellen Lupton: DesignWritingResearch.org
- Encyclopædia of Typography and Electronic Communication
- The comp.fonts FAQ (Version 2.1.5 / 14 August 1996)
- The Digital Scriptorium (UC Berkeley)
- Periodicals
- Research in Type and Typography
- Teaching Resources
- 100 Types (Ben Archer, Auckland University of Technology, NZ)
- Designing with Type by James Craig
- DesignWritingResearch - Ellen Lupton, Maryland Institute College of Art
- The Elements of Typographic Style Applied to the Web
- The Written Word (The Type Studio/Ilene Strizver)
- Thinking With Type: Tools for Teachers
- TypEdu - Type Design Education by Hannes Famira
- Typographic Design: Form and Communication (Carter, Day and Meggs)
- Type & Typography Fora
- Type Books
- Useful Information & Documents